We highlight the critical role of ocular microbiota in regulating local immunity, an area that remains underexplored compared to gut and skin microbiome research. With the growing concerns about antibiotic overuse and antimicrobial resistance, understanding how commensal bacteria contribute to natural infection resistance is crucial. The study demonstrates that microbiota enhance ocular immune defenses by increasing protective factors like secretory IgA and complement proteins in the tear film. The paper explores the responses of germ free mice, conventional mice and mice depleted from ocular microbiota mice via local antibiotic treatment and reports that mice lacking conjunctival microbiota become more susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Given that contact lens wearers are at higher risk for such infections, the findings suggest that microbial imbalances on the ocular surface could compromise immunity, with significant implications for lens hygiene and microbiota-preserving interventions. The raises the possibility for microbiome-based therapies, aligning with emerging trends in probiotic-driven treatments across various medical fields. This research underscores the need for further studies into the composition and function of the ocular microbiome, particularly in at-risk populations, and opens avenues for microbiome-targeted diagnostics and therapeutics to enhance ocular health and infection prevention.