Tasked with a challenging objective: Why do neutrophils fail to battle P. aruginosa biofilms.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are a growing global health crisis, responsible for approximately 250,000 deaths in Canada and over 2 million in the United States each year. A major obstacle in treating these infections is the inability of traditional antibiotics to effectively penetrate bacterial biofilms, where the drugs fail to reach therapeutic concentrations. In this review, we explore the latest insights into the complex architecture of Pseudomonas aeruginosabiofilms in vivo. We highlight cutting-edge advancements in imaging and mass spectrometry that are not only revealing new therapeutic possibilities but also challenging longstanding assumptions in the fight against MDR infections.